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Atomic clocks burst into
the clock world three decades after quartz technology had revolutionalised
the clock industry. The cesium atom's natural frequency was formally
recognized as the new international unit of time in 1967:
This led to the timekeeping performance of quartz clocks been substantially
surpassed by atomic clocks.
How is this possible? Simple, atoms make up a potential
"pendulum" which has a reproducible rate that sets the standard
and it is transmitted via microwave and satellite technology for much
better accurate clocks. |
This led to the creation in 1972 of the International (UTC) Universal Time
Co-ordinating Center
Today the Atomic Clock Systems from over 25 countries World-Wide and the USA,
feed continous data to the UTC.
In the US, Radio signals beamed from the National Institute of Standards (NIST)
in Fort Collins, Colorado are received by Atomic clocks sold in the USA.
When the atomic clock is set once, it functions within the
four time zones of the continental United States only, which will keep your
atomic clock accurate to within a second over a million years. Never will you
have to reset your atomic clock again, even for daylight-savings time, it's
all done for you automatically.
Although, today different Clock manufacturers have produced many types of
Atomic Clocks the atomic principles behind them are very similar.
There are now three main types of atoms for atomic clocks:
- cesium atoms using different levels of energy in a field
of magnets.
- hydrogen atoms using a special walled container to retain
the high state of energy.
- rubidium gas absorbs light, at optical frequency involving
the right surrounding microwave frequency,
The most accurate and precise atomic clocks manufactured today use the cesium
atom technology.
Due to the maintenance free and perfect time precision of the atomic clocks,
they are in our books the ultimate clocks or clock to have in this day and age.